What are Quest Low Carb Protein Bars?

Quest Low Carb Protein Bars are the high protein, high fibre supplement that has changed the way the industry looks at on-the-go nutrition. Considered one of the cleanest protein bars in the industry, Quest Low Carb Protein Bars are ideal for anyone looking to supplement more protein in their diet for fitness or weight loss.

Highlights:

• 20 to 21 grams of protein per bar
• 14 grams of fibre
• Focus on Whey Protein Isolate, making these bars ideal for post-workout and to break a long fast
• Avoids common fillers and artificial ingredients that you'll find in other protein bars

Why You Should Use Quest Low Carb Protein Bars

One of the best reasons to use Quest Low Carb Protein Bars is for fitness gains and results. Quest uses a high-quality whey protein isolate, providing you with 20 to 21 grams of protein per bar. Compare that to only 9 to 10 grams of protein offered by Clif Bars.

Whey isolate will provide you with the amino acids you'll need to protect muscle mass, promote muscle growth, and boost recovery. (1-6)

Quest also provides 14 grams of fibre per bar, which is rare of a protein supplement. This extra fibre will help you meet your daily needs for the nutrient and it will help with the digestion and assimilation of the protein.

Best of all, Quest Low Carb Protein Bars have very low sugar content, making them perfect for weight loss or low-carb lifestyles. Clif Bars, on the other hand, are high in carbohydrate content with 22 grams of sugar per bar.

Things to Watch Out for With Quest Low Carb Protein Bars

Quest recently released a line of protein bars that utilize the artificial sweetener, sucralose. If you are sensitive to this sweetener, you'll want to stick with their original bar line-up.

What are Clif Bars?

Clif Bars are the popular meal supplement bar that is ideal for those who are very active but may not necessarily be inside of a gym. Hikers, for example, love Clif Bars due to its moderate protein and high carbohydrate and healthy fat content.

Highlights:

• 9 to 10 grams of protein per bar
• High carbohydrate content at around 40 grams per bar – Ideal for endurance activities
• Many flavours are vegan friendly and organically sourced
• Considered some of the best tasting bars in the industry

Why You Should Use Clif Bars

Packing around 250 calories per bar along with a lot of flavour, Clif Bars make an ideal on-the-go snack for anyone who is highly active. Perfect for hiking or long workouts, Clif Bars provide you with a decent amount of protein and a lot of carbohydrates, which help to fuel your body.

Quest Bars, on the other hand, have a very low net carbohydrate intake, which is ideal for fitness-specific goals but may not be the best choice when you're on a trail for 5 hours, for example.

Clif Bars are also an ideal option for those with a vegan or environmentally focused lifestyle as many of the bars are vegan-friendly.

Things to Watch Out for With Clif Bars

Clif Bars focus on soy protein, which may be great for some but problematic for others. Diets high in processed soy have been shown to cause a number of potential issues with hormonal imbalance, especially for men. If you are trying to avoid soy, you may want to stick with Quest Bars.

Conclusion

Quest Low Carb Protein Bars and Clif Bars are two great nutritional supplements but for very different reasons.

Quest Low Carb Protein Bars are ideal for anyone looking to protect and promote muscle mass growth and for those on a low-carb diet.

Clif Bars are for someone who is very active and needs carbohydrate-based fuel to sustain their energy levels. Hikers and bicyclists would benefit most from these bars.

Are you a fitness enthusiast who also loves to hike? Buy both and use them accordingly: Quest Low Carb Protein Bars after a workout and a Clif Bar during a long hike.

References

1. Tsutsumi R, Tsutsumi YM. Peptides and proteins in whey and their benefits for human health. Austin J Nutri Food Sci 2014;1(1): 1002

2. Blomstrand E, Eliasson J, Karlsson HK, Köhnke R. Branched-chain amino acids activate key enzymes in protein synthesis after physical exercise. J Nutr. 2006 Jan;136(1 Suppl):269S-73S.

3. Norton, Layne, Layman, Donald. Leucine Regulates Translation Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle after Exercise. J. Nutr. February 2006 vol. 136 no. 2 533S-537S.

4. Negro M, Giardina S, Marzani B, Marzatico F. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation does not enhance athletic performance but affects muscle recovery and the immune system. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2008 Sep;48(3):347-51.

5. Mourier A, Bigard AX, de Kerviler E, Roger B, Legrand H, Guezennec CY. Combined effects of caloric restriction and branched-chain amino acid supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in elite wrestlers. Int J Sports Med. 1997 Jan;18(1):47-55.

6. De Lorenzo A, Petroni ML, Masala S, Melchiorri G, Pietrantuono M, Perriello G, Andreoli A. Effect of acute and chronic branched-chain amino acids on energy metabolism and muscle performance. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 2003 Oct-Dec;16(5-6):291-7.

What is BSN Syntha 6?

Syntha 6 is one of the most popular protein supplements from BSN. Having a noticeably higher than average caloric content, Syntha 6 is an ideal supplement for several fitness goals including lean mass gains and weight loss meal replacement.

Highlights:

• 22 grams of protein per serving
• Offers a variety of protein types for varying speeds of protein digestion (Whey Protein Concentrate, Whey Protein Isolate, Calcium Caseinate, Micellar Casein, Milk Protein Isolate, Egg Albumin, And Glutamine Peptides)
• Also includes fatty acids, fibre, and carbohydrates

Why You Should Use BSN Syntha 6

Syntha 6 is an ideal protein supplement for anyone who wants to pack on solid lean muscle mass and has no restrictions on carbohydrates in their diet. You'll immediately notice that Syntha 6 has 200 calories per serving and this number is higher than most other protein supplements including Optimum Nutrition Casein Protein, which only has 120 calories.

These extra calories are coming from a combination of protein, fatty acids, and complex carbohydrates, making this ideal as a lean mass gainer or someone who wants to pack on muscle and minimize fat gain. Syntha 6 is also a great option for meal replacement when your goal is weight loss.

Syntha 6 utilizes a protein matrix, which consists of several types of protein sources. This is excellent for ensuring amino acid release over the course of several hours. Amino acids are the building blocks of muscle tissue and promote protein synthesis, lean mass growth, and recovery. (1-6)

Casein from Optimum Nutrition also offers an extended amino acid release; however, Syntha 6 provides an immediate supply of aminos from whey isolate. Casein, on the other hand, takes more time to start breaking down.

Things to Watch Out for With BSN Syntha 6

If you are on a low-carbohydrate diet, Syntha 6 may interfere with that as it contains 15 grams of carbohydrates per serving.

The only other issue with BSN Syntha 6 would be nutritional preferences. If you are someone who wants to avoid artificial flavouring, fillers, and sweeteners at all cost, then Syntha 6 may pose a problem as it contains all of these things. Then again, you'll be hard pressed to find a supplement in this industry that doesn't contain those things. Even Optimum Nutrition Casein has artificial sweeteners; however, it has less additives than Syntha 6.

What is Optimum Nutrition 100% Casein Gold Standard Protein?

Optimum Nutrition Casein is a leading brand of casein protein, primarily used by those who want to protect muscle mass and support its growth. O.N. Casein can also be useful for anyone who is looking to curb their appetite and support a healthy weight loss due to its slow digestion rate.

Highlights:

• Provides 24 grams of protein
• Ideal for low carbohydrate diets with only 3 grams per serving – With the 1 gram of fiber, the net carb content would only be 2 grams per serving
• Slowest rate of digestion, which allows for extended release of muscle building amino acids

Why You Should Use Optimum Nutrition 100% Casein Gold Standard Protein

Once exclusively used by bodybuilders, casein protein has become a fitness staple for those who are muscle-focused. Optimum Nutrition 100% Casein Gold Standard Protein is a unique supplement in that it is designed to take hours to digest. This means that the amino acids that you need for muscle maintenance and growth are going to be released over the course of several hours as opposed to one quick shot like with an isolate.

The 120-calorie serving makes O.N. Casein ideal for muscle building especially for those on a low carb diet.

Things to Watch Out for With Optimum Nutrition 100% Casein Gold Standard Protein

Due to the extremely slow digestion rate, Optimum Nutrition 100% Casein Gold Standard Protein would not be a great choice for immediate post-workout nutrition. BSN Syntha 6 features whey isolate in its protein matrix, making it the better choice for an immediate post-workout shake.

Conclusion

Both of these protein brands are excellent choices for muscle building and weight loss. It is not a question of quality, as they are both of elite equality; rather, it is a question of nutritional timing.

BSN Syntha 6 can be used at any point throughout the day; however, we wouldn't recommend using it at night because of the higher caloric content. In this case, Optimum Nutrition Casein would be the better choice. It will release amino acids throughout the night and it only has 120 calories per serving, helping you to promote muscle growth and avoid fat gain.

If you're serious about your fitness goals, you can use both of these supplements to support your results.

References

1. Tsutsumi R, Tsutsumi YM. Peptides and proteins in whey and their benefits for human health. Austin J Nutri Food Sci 2014;1(1): 1002

2. Blomstrand E, Eliasson J, Karlsson HK, Köhnke R. Branched-chain amino acids activate key enzymes in protein synthesis after physical exercise. J Nutr. 2006 Jan;136(1 Suppl):269S-73S.

3. Norton, Layne, Layman, Donald. Leucine Regulates Translation Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle after Exercise. J. Nutr. February 2006 vol. 136 no. 2 533S-537S.

4. Negro M, Giardina S, Marzani B, Marzatico F. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation does not enhance athletic performance but affects muscle recovery and the immune system. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2008 Sep;48(3):347-51.

5. Mourier A, Bigard AX, de Kerviler E, Roger B, Legrand H, Guezennec CY. Combined effects of caloric restriction and branched-chain amino acid supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in elite wrestlers. Int J Sports Med. 1997 Jan;18(1):47-55.

6. De Lorenzo A, Petroni ML, Masala S, Melchiorri G, Pietrantuono M, Perriello G, Andreoli A. Effect of acute and chronic branched-chain amino acids on energy metabolism and muscle performance. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 2003 Oct-Dec;16(5-6):291-7.

What is Dymatize ISO 100?

Dymatize ISO 100 is an advanced protein supplement that focuses on the fastest digesting forms of protein: hydrolysed whey and whey isolate proteinamino acids they need for repair and recovery.

One of the best things about Dymatize ISO 100 is the fast rate of digestion and the perfect bioavailability score. A protein source that digests extremely fast AND is almost completely bioavailable with minimal waste is a powerful weapon for post-workout nutrition.

EHP Labs OxyWhey, on the other hand, is a protein blend. This doesn't mean it's a bad post-workout choice; rather, it can be better utilized at different times. It has several sources of protein, meaning extended amino acid release. This is great for promoting a longer anabolic environment but not as useful when your muscles needed an immediate supply of amino acids post-workout.

Things to Watch Out for With Dymatize ISO 100

Aside from artificial flavouring and artificial sweeteners, there isn't much to be cautious of with Dymatize ISO 100. As mentioned above, Dymatize ISO 100 is ideal for post-workout supplementation. You can also use it to kickstart your day with a rapid boost of protein after the 8 to 12 hours you spend fasting each night.

If you're looking for a protein supplement that can support a longer period of amino acid delivery, a protein blend, like EHP Labs OxyWhey, may be the better choice.

What is EHP Labs OxyWhey?

OxyWhey by EHP Labs is a protein blend that also features a fat burning formula. It is a combination of isolate, concentrate, and casein protein. These three types of protein offer three varying rates of digestion, which is important for promoting an environment of repair and growth for a longer period of time.

Highlights:

• Provides 24 grams of highly bioavailable protein - While it may have a high bioavailability score, it cannot compare with the digestibility of ISO 100
• Features several fat-burning ingredients such as Green Tea Extract and Chromium Picolinate

Why You Should Use EHP Labs OxyWhey

OxyWhey is an excellent protein supplement that features a higher-than-average protein amount per serving, a unique protein blend, and a thermogenic blend. If you are looking for a way to add in extra protein to your diet WHILE you support fat burning, OxyWhey is the ideal supplement for you.

When it comes to supplement timing, it's important to understand that OxyWhey is going to qualify for nearly every occasion that you can think of with the exception of post-workout nutrition. While you can use it as a post-workout supplement; however, it wouldn't perform as well as ISO 100.

Things to Watch Out for With EHP Labs OxyWhey

It's also important to realize that OxyWhey is a protein supplement and NOT a fat burner. Despite the thermogenic compounds within, OxyWhey does not contain the needed dosages of those fat burners to make a real impact. It's great support but not dosed at a level that would promote high level fat burning benefits.

Conclusion

ISO 100 is designed to be the perfect post-workout protein source. OxyWhey isn't bad; it's just not as great as ISO 100 solely for the post-workout time period. With that said, OxyWhey is ideal for literally any other point during the day or night.

We would recommend using both proteins. Use ISO 100 to break your morning fast and for post-workout nutrition. Use OxyWhey as a morning snack, pre-workout, or afternoon snack. Together, these two protein supplements will make a huge impact in your results.

References

1. Tsutsumi R, Tsutsumi YM. Peptides and proteins in whey and their benefits for human health. Austin J Nutri Food Sci 2014;1(1): 1002

2. Blomstrand E, Eliasson J, Karlsson HK, Köhnke R. Branched-chain amino acids activate key enzymes in protein synthesis after physical exercise. J Nutr. 2006 Jan;136(1 Suppl):269S-73S.

3. Norton, Layne, Layman, Donald. Leucine Regulates Translation Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle after Exercise. J. Nutr. February 2006 vol. 136 no. 2 533S-537S.

4. Negro M, Giardina S, Marzani B, Marzatico F. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation does not enhance athletic performance but affects muscle recovery and the immune system. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2008 Sep;48(3):347-51.

5. Mourier A, Bigard AX, de Kerviler E, Roger B, Legrand H, Guezennec CY. Combined effects of caloric restriction and branched-chain amino acid supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in elite wrestlers. Int J Sports Med. 1997 Jan;18(1):47-55.

6. De Lorenzo A, Petroni ML, Masala S, Melchiorri G, Pietrantuono M, Perriello G, Andreoli A. Effect of acute and chronic branched-chain amino acids on energy metabolism and muscle performance. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 2003 Oct-Dec;16(5-6):291-7.

What is BSN Amino X?

BSN Amino X is the amino acid supplement from a company you know and trust. Featuring 10 grams of BCAAs per serving, Amino X is one of the best in the industry.

Highlights of BSN Amino X

• The 10 grams of BCAAs included in this blend is double the dose of what you'll find in Optimum Nutrition Amino Energy. While Amino X may have a higher dosage, it's important to remember that Amino Energy is a pre-workout AND amino acid supplement. Amino X is ONLY for amino acid supplementation.
• Amino X uses fewer amino acid types, deciding to focus on the amino acids that have been the subject of the most scientific studies: leucine, valine, and isoleucine.
• Amino X also includes Vitamin D, which is key for muscle recovery and hormone support. (1-10)

Why You Should Use BSN Amino X

Per serving, Amino X provides 10 grams of the following BCAAs:

• L-Leucine
• L-Valine
• L-Isoleucine
• L-Alanine
• Micronized Taurine
• Micronized L-Citrulline

Optimum Nutrition Amino Energy may have more types of amino acids; however, the essential amino acids that have been proven for fitness results such as leucine and valine are in smaller quantities. That means you may have to double or triple the dose to get the same dosage as Amino X.

Things to Watch Out for With BSN Amino X

Amino X is a proprietary blend of amino acids. This can be problematic as you don't know exactly how much of each ingredient you are receiving with every serving. However, considering that each serving provides 10 grams of the amino acid blend and there are only six BCAAs within, you can rest assured that you're most likely getting the scientifically verified dosage that was used in several of the amino acid studies. (1-6)

What is Optimum Nutrition Amino Energy?

Optimum Nutrition Amino Energy is the super charged BCAA supplement from O.N. Amino Energy is a pre-workout first and an amino acid supplement second. While it does have a lower dosage of amino acids per serving than Amino X, Optimum Nutrition Amino Energy makes up for this with a potent energy blend.

Highlights of Optimum Nutrition Amino Energy

• Provides a greater number of amino acid types compared to BSN Amino X.
• Its provides a unique energy blend sourcing the caffeine from green tea and green coffee bean, which may support fat loss.

Why You Should Use Optimum Nutrition Amino Energy

Optimum Nutrition delivers an impressive product that captures both the muscle support benefits of amino acid supplementation and the energy amplifying effects of its energy blend.

Amino Energy features 14 amino acids, all of which can help to play an important role in helping you with recovery, muscle building, and fat loss. Amino X, on the other hand, only has six amino acid types. With that said, with fewer amino acid types, the dosage for each will be higher, ensuring you are getting the levels you need for results. (1-6)

Amino Energy provides you with 160 mg of caffeine, which is slightly more than most big-name brands in the industry. The caffeine content is coming from green tea and green coffee bean extract, which suggests a metabolic benefit as well.

Things to Watch Out for With Optimum Nutrition Amino Energy

While Optimum Nutrition Amino Energy does contain more amino acid types than BSN Amino X, the dosage is only half. If you are someone who wants muscle support and doesn't need the energy boost, then Amino Energy may not be the supplement for you.

Conclusion

Both of these products are fantastic in their respective categories. Amino X from BSN is an amazing amino acid supplement. It delivers a high dose of proven BCAAs. Amino Energy is a unique pre-workout and energy supplement in that it delivers both a hard-hitting energy blend AND a variety of amino acids.

If you're focus is on heavy duty muscle building and recovery, go with Amino X from BSN.

If you want energy AND muscle support, then Amino Energy is perfect for you.

References

1. Tsutsumi R, Tsutsumi YM. Peptides and proteins in whey and their benefits for human health. Austin J Nutri Food Sci 2014;1(1): 1002

2. Blomstrand E, Eliasson J, Karlsson HK, Köhnke R. Branched-chain amino acids activate key enzymes in protein synthesis after physical exercise. J Nutr. 2006 Jan;136(1 Suppl):269S-73S.

3. Norton, Layne, Layman, Donald. Leucine Regulates Translation Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle after Exercise. J. Nutr. February 2006 vol. 136 no. 2 533S-537S.

4. Negro M, Giardina S, Marzani B, Marzatico F. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation does not enhance athletic performance but affects muscle recovery and the immune system. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2008 Sep;48(3):347-51.

5. Mourier A, Bigard AX, de Kerviler E, Roger B, Legrand H, Guezennec CY. Combined effects of caloric restriction and branched-chain amino acid supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in elite wrestlers. Int J Sports Med. 1997 Jan;18(1):47-55.

6. De Lorenzo A, Petroni ML, Masala S, Melchiorri G, Pietrantuono M, Perriello G, Andreoli A. Effect of acute and chronic branched-chain amino acids on energy metabolism and muscle performance. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 2003 Oct-Dec;16(5-6):291-7.

7. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jul 19;357(3):266-81.

8. Pilz S, Frisch S, Koertke H, Kuhn J, Dreier J, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Wehr E, Zittermann A. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men. Horm Metab Res. 2011 Mar;43(3):223-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1269854. Epub 2010 Dec 10.

9. Sue Penckofer, PhD, RN, Joanne Kouba, PhD, RD, Mary Byrn, BSN, RN, and Carol Estwing Ferrans, PhD, RN, FAAN. Vitamin D and Depression: Where is all the Sunshine? Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2010 Jun; 31(6): 385–393.

10. Lars Rejnmark, PhD. Effects of Vitamin D on Muscle Function and Performance: A Review of Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2011 Jan; 2(1): 25–37.

What is Cellucor C4 Ripped?

Cellucor C4 Ripped is a popular upgrade to the traditional C4 formula that focuses more on leaning out and getting shredded than its predecessor. Packed with a thermogenic punch for metabolic boosting, C4 Ripped is effective as an all-around pre-workout with a fat burning boost. However, when it comes to all-out energy, C4 Ripped can't compare with C4 50X.

Highlights:

• C4 Ripped can be broken down into two categories: energy boosting and fat burning. Its energy blend provides nearly 400 mg of the following: Caffeine Anhydrous, Velvet Bean, and N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine. These ingredients are an excellent line-up for when you need a big boost in your energy levels. (1-3).

• Despite the energy boosting line-up, C4 50X is going to be the better pick for energy. It provides you with 200 mg of caffeine per serving from THREE different caffeine types including Anhydrous, XCelicor, and TeaCor. Compare that to the 150 mg of caffeine found in C4 Ripped. (1-4)

• C4 Ripped also contains a thermogenic (fat burning) blend that features scientifically proven ingredients including L-Carnitine, Green Tea Extract, and Capsicum. This is where C4 Ripped shines as the thermogenic compounds help to promote weight loss and fat burning. C4 50X contains no thermogenic compounds as it is strictly an energy-focused blend. (1-2, 5-6)

Why You Should Use Cellucor C4 Ripped

While not as powerful of a pre-workout as C4 50X, C4 Ripped is going to be the ideal choice for when your focus is a boost in energy AND you also want to support lean gains or begin a cutting phase. It packs an industry standard blend of energy boosting ingredients but the real strength of C4 Ripped is in the thermogenic compounds that trigger a higher level of fat burning.

Things to Watch Out for With Cellucor C4 Ripped

C4 Ripped is definitely an improvement over the traditional C4 formula; however, using C4 Ripped is going to depend heavily on what your personal fitness goals are AND your tolerance to thermogenic compounds.

If your primary goal is to skyrocket energy levels and you need a higher dose of caffeine to do that, then C4 Ripped may not be your best option. Instead, you'd want to choose C4 50X.

If, however, you want to focus on fat loss, then C4 Ripped has your back. It provides an excellent fat burning blend WHILE boosting energy levels to a level that is considered normal when compared to products across the industry.

What is Cellucor C4 50X?

Another upgrade to the C4 series, Cellucor C4 50X is every bit as powerful as the name suggests. It still holds the foundation of the original formula; however, what sets it apart is the increase in energy boosting ingredients across the board.

Highlights:

• C4 50X is solely focused on your energy levels and it makes this abundantly clear by offering you 200 mg of caffeine per serving from THREE different caffeine types including Anhydrous, XCelicor, and TeaCor. These three forms of caffeine have been shown to be effective at amplifying energy levels for an extended period of time. Best of all, there is no crash.

• C4 50X also contains a variety of proven pre-workout ingredients including Beta Alanine, Creatine, and Arginine. All of these ingredients may be able to promote performance and results. What's more, they are dosed appropriately, according to previous studies and research. In other words, you are getting the dosages that are most likely to provide the best results. (1-4)

Why You Should Use Cellucor C4 50X

Cellucor C4 50X is made exclusively to ensure you have an incredible workout. If you are someone who has built up a tolerance to caffeine or you just want to ensure you can crush your workout after a long day then C4 50X is for you.

50X doesn't feature the weight loss compounds like C4 Ripped; however, it isn't marketed as a weight loss supplement. If you want a boost in your fat loss and you're not too worried about energy levels, then C4 Ripped is the better pick.

Things to Watch Out for With Cellucor C4 50x

Celucor C4 50x contains 200mg of caffeine per serving along with several other pre-workout ingredients. If you have a caffeine sensitivity, then C4 50X may be too much to handle. We'd recommend trying a less aggressive pre-workout such as C4 Ripped or you can simply halve the dose.

References

1. Spradley BD, Crowley KR, Tai C-Y, et al. Ingesting a pre-workout supplement containing caffeine, B-vitamins, amino acids, creatine, and beta-alanine before exercise delays fatigue while improving reaction time and muscular endurance. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2012;9:28. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-9-28.

2. Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM. Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation. Obes Res. 2005 Jul;13(7):1195-204.

3. F. L. Dodd, D. O. Kennedy, L. M. Riby, and C. F. Haskell-Ramsay. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effects of caffeine and L-theanine both alone and in combination on cerebral blood flow, cognition and mood. Psychopharmacology. 2015; 232(14): 2563–2576. Published online 2015 Mar 13.

4. Kuhman, Daniel J., Keanan J. Joyner, and Richard J. Bloomer. 'Cognitive Performance and Mood Following Ingestion of a Theacrine-Containing Dietary Supplement, Caffeine, or Placebo by Young Men and Women.' Nutrients 7.11 (2015): 9618–9632. PMC. Web. 2 Aug. 2017.

5. Brandsch C, Eder K. Effect of L-carnitine on weight loss and body composition of rats fed a hypocaloric diet. Ann Nutr Metab. 2002;46(5):205-10.

6. Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effect of capsaicin on substrate oxidation and weight maintenance after modest body-weight loss in human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2003 Sep;90(3):651-59.